【CLOUT案例第1775号】最高人民法院(2014)民申字第266号
来源: 发布时间:2026-03-25中文摘要
判例 1775:《销售公约》第 1(1)条、[第 6 条、第 25 条、]第 39 条、[第 61(1)条、第62 条]
中华人民共和国:最高人民法院
(2014)民申字第 266 号
2014 年 4 月 30 日
原文为中文
刊载于:中国裁判文书网
可查阅:wenshu.court.gov.cn/
本摘要由任翔(Xiang REN)编写
美国买方与中国卖方签订了两份合同,购买 5 米和8 米数控折弯机。合同中约定卖方按照双方协议一致的图纸生产制造涉案机器,卖方负责培训买方技术人员,因此产生的卖方人员赴美机票酒店费用由买方负担。合同订立后,卖方两次派员赴美国买方公司进行机器调试及培训。
但买方认为购买的机器存在不可弥补的质量瑕疵,与卖方协商未果后诉至法院。经一审法院释明,买方明确不同意对涉案机器进行维修,坚持要求宣告涉案合同无效并返还全部货款的诉讼请求。卖方提出反诉要求买方支付两次赴美进行售后服务的费用。
一审法院判定适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》,并判定涉案合同合法有效,买方提出卖方在报关或商品检验检疫方面存在瑕疵,以及未提供增值税发票、产品合格证等资料,应由中国行政管理部门处理,并不导致双方买卖关系无效的法律后果。卖方是否根本违约从而使得买方享有宣告合同无效的权利,取决于涉案机器是否存在质量问题且无法维修并导致无法实现买方购买涉案机器的合同目的。法院认为买方已付清全款并接受货物,且在使用期间未提供足够证据证明涉案机器存在无法维修及质量不符合约定的情形,其在原审庭审中也明确承认保险公司在接受投保时确认涉案机器的运转和生产是良好的,卖方两次派员赴美属于正常的售后维修保养及培训,因此不支持买方对涉案机器存在质量问题无法维修的主张。根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第 39 条,从实际收货至卖方起诉已超过两年,期间买方未提供证据证明其向卖方发出过涉案机器存在重大质量瑕疵的通知,应认为买方已丧失主张涉案机器存在无法维修的质量问题的权利。此外,法院认定卖方两次派员赴美虽存在对涉案机器的故障部件进行了更换、维修的情形,但派员的主要目的均系调试机器和培训人员,因此一审法院在判令驳回买方诉讼请求的同时,判令支持卖方要求买方支付两次派员赴美费用的反诉请求。
除其他外,买方以一审法院应适用《中华人民共和国合同法》为由,提出上诉。二审法院认为,由于双方当事人的营业地分别位于《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的缔约国,且双方未排除《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的适用,因此判定一审法院优先适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》正确。二审法院还确认了一审法院对诉讼主张其他理由的论证;因此,驳回买方上诉,维持原判。
买方申诉至最高院,最高人民法院维持原审判决,驳回了买方的再审申请。
英文摘要
Case 1775: CISG 1(1); [6; 25;] 39; [61(1); 62]
People’s Republic of China: Supreme People’s Court
(2014) Min Shen Zi no. 266
30 April 2014
Original in Chinese
Published on: China Judgements Online
Available at: wenshu.court.gov.cn/ Abstract prepared by Xiang REN
An American buyer and a Chinese seller signed two contracts for the purchase of five-metre and eight-metre numerical-control bending machines. Because the contracts stipulated that the seller would produce the machines involved in the case in accordance with the drawings agreed on by both parties, and would be responsible for training the buyer’s technical staff, the buyer would bear the costs of air tickets to and hotel lodging in the United States for the seller ’s production staff. After concluding the contract, the seller twice sent staff to the buyer ’s company location in the United States to calibrate the new machines and provide training.
However, the buyer contended that there were non-repairable quality defects in the machines purchased; following fruitless negotiations with the seller, the buyer brought suit in court. As interpreted by the court of first instance, the buyer unequivocally disagreed that repair of those machines should be undertaken, and insisted on pursuing its litigation claims that the contracts must be declared avoided and that payment for the goods must be refunded in full. The seller filed a counter - claim demanding that the buyer must pay the costs ofthe two trips to the United States undertaken to carry out after-sale service.
The court of first instance decided that the CISG was applicable and that the contracts involved in the case were legal and valid. The seller ’s defective customs declarations and commodity inspection and quarantine procedures, and its failure to provide VAT invoices or product-qualification certificates, as contended by the buyer, were matters to be handled by the Chinese administrative authorities, and did not legally invalidate the business relationship between the parties. Whether or not the seller was in fundamental breach of the contracts, giving the buyer the right to declare the contracts avoided, depended on whether or not the machines had had non-repairable quality problems that prevented the buyer from achieving the contractual objectives for which those machines had been purchased. In light of the buyer ’s having paid in full and accepted delivery of the goods, its having failed to provide adequate proof, while using them, that the machines had been non-repairable or that their quality had failed to fulfil contract commitments, and its having admitted during the proceedings that its insurance company had verified that the functioning and production of those machines had been sound when [that company] had agreed to provide insurance, the court held that the seller’s sending staff to the United States was part of normal after - sale maintenance and training, and consequently rejected the buyer ’s argument. In line with Article 39 CISG, because more than two years had passed between the actual receipt of the goods and the initiation of the lawsuit, and the buyer had not provided proof that it had notified the seller of serious flaws in the quality of the machines during that time, the buyer should be deemed to have lost the right to claim that the machines were seriously defective. Moreover, the court maintained that while the seller had indeed replaced defective components in those machines on the two occasions it had sent staff to the United States, the primary purpose of those visits had been to calibrate the machines and train staff. For those reasons, the court of first instance rejected the buyer’s litigation claims and supported the seller’s counterclaim demanding that the buyer should pay the costs of the two visits to the United States by the seller’s staff.The buyer filed an appeal on the grounds, among others, that the court should have applied the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China rather than the CISG. The court of second instance determined that because the place of business of the parties was located in different States Parties to the Convention and the parties had not excluded its application, the court of first instance had correctly assigned priority to applying the Convention. The court also confirmed the reasoning of the court of first instance on the other grounds of the claim; it thus dismissed the buyer ’s appeal and upheld the original judgment.
The buyer appealed to the Supreme People ’s Court, which upheld the rulings of the lower courts dismissing the buyer’s application.
中华人民共和国最高人民法院
民 事 裁 定 书
(2014)民申字第266号
再审申请人(一审原告、反诉被告、二审上诉人):C&J金属板材股份有限公司(C&JSHEETMETALCORP)。住所地:美利坚合众国纽约州鲍威尔大道157-22号(157-22PowellsCoveBlvdBeechhurst,NY11357,USA)。
代表人:Athanasiosparlionas,该公司董事长。
委托代理人:李海龙。
被申请人(一审被告、反诉原告、二审被上诉人):温州晨兴机械有限公司。住所地:中华人民共和国浙江省温州市平阳县万全镇孙楼工业区。
法定代表人:季约德,该公司董事长。
委托代理人:詹小虎,浙江越人律师事务所律师。
再审申请人C&J金属板材股份有限公司(以下简称C&J公司)因与被申请人温州晨兴机械有限公司(以下简称晨兴公司)国际货物买卖合同纠纷一案,不服浙江省高级人民法院(2013)浙商外终字第144号民事判决,向本院申请再审。本院依法组成合议庭对本案进行了审查,现已审查终结。
C&J公司向本院申请再审称:1、晨兴公司交付的案涉机器存在质量问题,亦未履行交付单据等从给付义务和清关义务,构成根本违约,案涉合同应予解除。2、本案应当适用中华人民共和国法律审理,一、二审法院适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》有误。3、C&J公司在一审庭审中认可晨兴公司提交的合同翻译文本是为了和解所作的努力,一、二审法院依据禁反言原则未支持C&J公司提交的合同翻译文本有误。4、一、二审法院对C&J公司和晨兴公司提交的全部证据认定有误,对事实认定有误。请求对本案进行再审。
晨兴公司提交书面意见称:1、C&J公司提交的证据缺乏证明力,不能证明机器存在缺陷。C&J公司的法定代表人已经对案涉机器进行了检验,检验后才付清全部货款,证明案涉机器没有质量问题。案涉机器已经完成报关、运输并由C&J公司实际使用,证明晨兴公司已经向C&J公司提交了相关商业发票、装箱单、海运提单等单证,C&J公司称晨兴公司交付的机器存在质量问题、未履行合同的从给付义务和清关义务缺乏依据。一、二审法院认定案涉合同不应予解除是正确的。2、一、二审法院适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》审理本案是正确的。3、C&J公司在一审庭审调查阶段认可晨兴公司提交的合同翻译文本,一审法院对此予以采信是正确的。4、一、二审法院对本案事实的认定均是正确的。请求驳回C&J公司的再审申请。
本院认为,本案系国际货物买卖合同纠纷,C&J公司和晨兴公司的营业地分别位于美利坚合众国和中华人民共和国,而中、美两国均是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的缔约国,当事人在案涉合同中未排除该公约的适用,故一、二审法院适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》审理本案纠纷是正确的。C&J公司关于一、二审法院适用该公约审理本案有误的再审申请理由不能成立。
本案中,双方当事人均提交了案涉合同的翻译文本,但两文本对部分合同条款的翻译不尽一致。一审庭审中,C&J公司明确认可合同第二款PAYMENT的内容以晨兴公司的翻译文本为准,故一、二审法院采信晨兴公司对合同第二款的翻译文本并无不当。C&J公司申请再审称其在一审庭审中认可晨兴公司的翻译文本是为了和解所作的努力,缺乏证据证明,不能成立。
根据一、二审查明的事实,案涉合同已经实际履行,晨兴公司按照C&J公司的要求生产、制造了案涉机器,在C&J公司付清全部货款后,晨兴公司将机器交付运输。C&J公司明确认可机器在运抵美国后、进行保险投保时是良好的,虽在使用数月后,机器发生故障,但C&J公司未能提交充分的证据证明故障是由于晨兴公司生产的机器存在质量问题造成的。案涉合同没有对机器的质量标准以及根本违约等事项作出明确约定,一、二审法院根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的相关规定,认定C&J公司关于机器存在质量问题致使其合同目的无法实现的主张不能成立并无不当。在一审法院释明可以变更诉讼请求为维修机器、而C&J公司坚持不变更诉讼请求的情况下,一、二审法院驳回C&J公司关于合同无效或者解除的请求并支持晨兴公司关于两次赴美调试机器产生的机票费用的请求,均有相关事实和法律依据,亦无不当。C&J公司虽然对一、二审法院认定的证据和事实提出异议,但其未能提交新的证据推翻上述认定,其关于一、二审法院存在证据和事实认定错误的理由,亦不能成立。
综上,C&J公司的再审申请不符合《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条规定的情形。本院依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百零四条第一款之规定,裁定如下:
驳回C&J金属板材股份有限公司的再审申请。
审 判 长 任雪峰
代理审判员 成明珠
代理审判员 朱 科
二〇一四年四月三十日
书 记 员 丁 一

